Research from the University of Queensland indicates that the genetic structure of Australia’s famous black swan (Cygnus atratus) makes this species extremely susceptible to various strains of avian influenza viruses. The threat is considered so serious that it could potentially wipe out the species entirely.
This finding emerged after the unique genome of this bird was sequenced for the first time in 2021. This is a significant scientific achievement, but it also highlights the “sad reality” regarding the fate of the black swan.
Black swans could face extinction due to avian influenza viruses.
One reason for this outcome is the black swan’s geographical isolation. These birds do not come into contact with pathogens found outside the southeastern and southwestern regions of Australia, areas where they primarily live and breed. “Swans are extremely sensitive to highly pathogenic avian influenza – HPAI, commonly referred to as bird flu – and can die from this disease within three days.”
The black swan lacks several crucial immune genes in its DNA. Therefore, any avian virus infection that establishes itself in their natural habitat poses a significant threat to their survival.
Researchers discovered that a specific protein has not been activated as it should be. These sections of the genome are related to protection against avian influenza and other pathogens. In other words, the genes that protect against avian influenza viruses are present; they just are not activated when needed – putting the black swan at risk.
Gaining more insights into the vulnerabilities of this precious bird species will aid in conservation efforts. Currently, the black swan is one of the least concerning species for conservationists, with a global population of up to one million. However, these numbers could change dramatically in a short period.
