The Giao branch is a unique plant that is leafless. However, it is not entirely without leaves as the leaves are very small, quickly fall off, and are rarely seen. The Giao branch photosynthesizes thanks to its green stems, which typically grow in pairs around the trunk. These stems contain chlorophyll, allowing them to perform photosynthesis and produce organic compounds.
The branches store a significant amount of water and contain a white sap that is toxic; contact with the skin can lead to allergic reactions, rashes, and swelling. However, this sap also serves a protective function against pests. Analyses have shown that the white sap of the Giao branch is rich in hydrocarbon compounds, which can be extracted for fuel, making the Giao branch a promising oil plant.
The Giao branch belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and originates from South Africa, where the climate is arid with very little rainfall. In such harsh natural conditions, the leaves have adapted to be smaller and fall off easily to reduce water loss through evaporation. People cultivate the Giao branch for ornamental purposes. In South Africa, the plant can grow up to 7-8 meters tall, while in other regions, it tends to be much shorter.
