Hypoglycemia is a term used to refer to a decrease in blood sugar levels below normal (here, “sugar” refers to glucose, and normal levels are defined as ranging from 3.9 to 6.4 mmol/liter).
In the bloodstream, glucose is transported throughout the body to nourish tissues, ensuring the normal functioning of human life. Glucose is the primary energy source for the body and is also an extremely important fuel for the nervous system and brain tissues. When blood sugar levels drop below normal (hypoglycemia), it can significantly impact the functions and activities of the human body.
Causes of Hypoglycemia
There are many causes of hypoglycemia, including both combined and individual factors, with diabetes being a significant contributor. The regulation of blood sugar levels is harmonized by two hormones, insulin and glucagon, produced by the pancreas: insulin decreases glucose levels, while glucagon increases them.
The regulation of these two hormones is quite synchronized. For instance, after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin to help cells absorb the glucose they need. When there is excess glucose in the blood, it is used as fuel for muscles or stored in the liver. Conversely, when the body has low glucose levels, glucagon is immediately secreted from the pancreas, prompting the liver to release stored glucose.
In diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not respond well to insulin, leading to increased blood glucose levels. Additionally, hypoglycemia can be caused by: irregular meal timings (eating late compared to usual meal times) or skipping meals for any reason; insufficient carbohydrate intake (commonly understood as starches); high levels of physical activity such as
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| When hypoglycemia occurs, one can immediately consume candy, snacks, chocolate,… (Image: dragonbeads) |
exercise, sports (such as athletics, swimming, mountaineering, long-distance cycling…), or heavy labor; consuming excessive alcohol or beer, especially when hungry…
When experiencing hypoglycemia, individuals may feel sudden hunger, fatigue, trembling hands and feet, dizziness, sweating, and pallor.
What to Do When Experiencing Hypoglycemia?
The most important thing is for oneself or for those nearby (family members, coworkers, classmates) to recognize the usual symptoms of hypoglycemia or to be aware if they have previously experienced it. The first and most critical step is to always have sugar or sugary products such as candy, snacks, chocolate, or sugary drinks readily available in your bag or backpack for immediate use in case of hypoglycemia.
If hypoglycemia is due to diabetes, it is essential to follow the doctor’s advice regarding medication and daily diet, particularly ensuring adequate carbohydrate intake, having additional snacks, and consuming plenty of vegetables. Regular and appropriate exercise is also recommended.
