It is normal for children to be active and mischievous; however, if a child exhibits excessive activity levels alongside poor concentration, it may indicate a condition that requires early intervention.
Essential Information About ADHD
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a condition characterized by impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and a lack of attention. It is commonly diagnosed in children, but the symptoms of ADHD can persist into adolescence and adulthood.
ADHD is often identified in children aged 4-6 years, marked by signs of inattention and hyperactivity. By the ages of 8-11, the symptoms become more pronounced. The ratio of boys to girls diagnosed with the disorder is approximately 3:1. To date, the medical community has not reached a definitive conclusion regarding the exact causes of ADHD.
There are three types of ADHD:
- Hyperactive-Impulsive: Individuals with this type face excessive hyperactivity and impulsiveness;
- Inattentive: This group shows the most prominent symptoms of inattention;
- Combined Hyperactive, Impulsive, and Inattentive: Individuals in this category exhibit symptoms from both of the other groups.
Individuals with ADHD often find themselves easily distracted and forgetful…
Common Symptoms
Poor Attention: Individuals with ADHD often find it easy to become distracted, forgetful, and unable to follow instructions or finish schoolwork or household tasks. They may have difficulty focusing, struggle with group work, or avoid tasks that require prolonged mental focus, such as homework;
Excessive Hyperactivity: Symptoms of hyperactivity include:
Constant movement and fidgeting;
- Talking excessively;
- Lack of patience when waiting for their turn;
- Fidgeting or being restless when required to sit still;
- Difficulty remaining seated;
- Running around or climbing in inappropriate situations;
- Inability to play or engage in activities quietly;
- Occasionally blurting out answers before questions have been fully asked;
- Interrupting or intruding on others.
Impulsivity: Individuals with ADHD may act recklessly without considering the consequences.
Poor Attention Span: Difficulty maintaining attention during learning, working, daily activities, and even playtime. Children often do not listen when spoken to directly or respond before the question is complete; they may struggle to finish homework both at school and at home; they can be easily distracted by surrounding stimuli; and often forget and misplace items.
Poor Coordination and Motor Control: Children may act impulsively and tend to create noise, excessively disturbing others.
Other Behavioral Disorders: Associated issues may include sleep disorders (often, children have difficulty falling asleep), anxiety disorders…
You may notice additional symptoms not mentioned. If you have any concerns about signs of ADHD, please consult a doctor.
Causes of the Disorder
There is insufficient information regarding the causes of ADHD. However, scientists believe it may be related to chemical imbalances in the brain. When these chemicals are out of balance, they can affect behavior.
Risk Factors
- ADHD is a very common disorder, considered one of the most prevalent disorders in children.
- It can be managed by reducing risk factors. Discuss with your doctor for more detailed information.
What Factors Increase the Risk of ADHD?
There are several risk factors that may contribute to ADHD, including:
- Genetics (ADHD often runs in families);
- Environmental factors;
- Alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy;
- Brain injuries;
- Premature birth or low birth weight.
Effective Treatment
The information provided here cannot replace professional medical advice. Always consult a physician.
What Medical Devices Are Used to Diagnose ADHD?
Although tests can help diagnose ADHD, the diagnosis primarily relies on observing behavior and how one reacts to specific situations:
Examination: Your doctor may perform imaging tests and other assessments to rule out other potential causes of the reported symptoms;
- Gather information regarding any medical issues, school records, personal and family medical history;
- Interview or administer questionnaires to family members, teachers, or others familiar with the child, as well as caregivers and coaches;
- Use the ADHD criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders;
- Administer ADHD rating scales to collect and evaluate information about your child.
What Methods Are Used to Treat ADHD?
The standard treatment methods for ADHD in children include medication, education, training, and counseling.
Several medications can help improve the signs and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, such as:
- Amphetamines including dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), dextroamphetamine-amphetamine (Adderall), and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse);
- Methylphenidates including methylphenidate (Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin, etc.) and dexmethylphenidate (Focalin);
- Atomoxetine (Strattera);
- Antidepressants like bupropion (Wellbutrin, among others);
- Guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex);
- Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay);
Several non-pharmaceutical treatment methods have been explored, including:
- Yoga or meditation to help children relax and learn discipline;
- Special diets: Most diets that improve ADHD involve eliminating certain foods, such as sugar and common allergens like wheat, dairy, and eggs;
- Exclusive formulations made from vitamins and micronutrients;
- Essential fatty acids, including omega-3 oils necessary for proper brain function;
- Neurofeedback training to help children learn to maintain optimal brain wave activity;
- Exercise can positively impact the behavior of children with ADHD.
Appropriate Lifestyle
You can cope with ADHD through the following lifestyle approaches:
- Behavioral therapy: Helps teachers and parents learn strategies to change behavior;
- Psychological support: For older children with ADHD to discuss issues that trouble them, identify negative behavior patterns, and learn coping strategies;
- Parenting skills training: Helps parents understand and manage their children’s behaviors;
- Family therapy: Assists parents and siblings in coping with the stresses of living with someone with ADHD;
- Social skills training: Helps children learn appropriate social behaviors;
The “Mystery Factors” that Help Hyperactive Individuals Become Geniuses
