Throughout human history, there have been numerous hypotheses and theories suggesting that advanced civilizations once existed, boasting technological capabilities far superior to those of modern humans. However, these theories lack clear and specific evidence and have yet to be substantiated by science.
The world is full of mysteries; some can be explained, while others remain inexplicable. Similar to the UFO sightings reported in recent years, aside from a few natural phenomena and man-made objects, these unexplainable entities have become topics of discussion. Particularly, after several segments about UFOs were published, public curiosity about the unknown or suspicious phenomena has only intensified. Similarly, Kaluga, a city in western Russia located on the Oka River, about 188 km southwest of Moscow, is home to many mysterious stories.
About 30 years ago, a group of meteorite enthusiasts discovered a strange stone in Kaluga, Russia, which bore an inlay of a “300-million-year-old screw.”
Kaluga is a paradise for meteorite lovers, as it is often a landing site for meteorites, and many have found high-quality specimens here.
In 1990, a significant event occurred in Kaluga when a rare gemstone was discovered, featuring a “screw” on its surface. After examination by archaeologists, it was confirmed that this screw-like object had a history spanning 300 million years. What is happening here? Could it be true that screws existed 300 million years ago?
There are many theories and calculations regarding the emergence and existence of humans on Earth. If the longest is the theory of evolution, then the time frame for human existence on Earth does not exceed about 10,000 years. However, with the aid of advanced scientific equipment and our understanding, we have uncovered numerous fossil traces that indicate the presence of various civilizations dating back tens of millions to hundreds of millions of years.
Kaluga has long been associated with legends about meteorites and extraterrestrial civilizations, leading many to boldly speculate that this “screw” was brought by aliens who visited Earth 300 million years ago or that a great and mysterious civilization arose on Earth at that time, producing this “screw.” Both of these hypotheses lack convincing evidence, yet if either were true, they would undoubtedly pose a revolutionary challenge to modern science.
A trilobite fossil was found perfectly preserved within a human footprint, which was also very clearly marked, suggesting someone in shoes or sandals had stepped on it.
In fact, occurrences like this are not rare; the world is vast, and human knowledge is limited. Consequently, certain archaeological discoveries tend to make us question our understanding. For example, in June 1968, American fossil collector William J. Meister discovered ancient trilobite fossils in Utah. Upon examining these fossils, Meister was astonished to find that they bore a footprint resembling that of an adult human, seemingly made by an old leather shoe.
In another instance, in April 2014, a Russian resident named Viktor Morozov discovered a fossil embedded with something resembling a modern printed circuit board (PCB). Some even suggested it resembled a simpler chip, but without any capacitors present, the likelihood of it being a chip is very low.
After expert evaluation, this slab was determined to be 250 million years old. If someone told you that over 200 million years ago, there were beings capable of creating PCBs, you would likely think they were “crazy.”
All the aforementioned examples suggest that there seems to have been an ancient civilization with advanced technological capabilities that once existed on Earth. It is likely that a race with a technological level comparable to or possibly more advanced than modern civilization established a great civilization on Earth, leaving behind significant remnants. So, did those chips and screws truly come from a prehistoric civilization?
In reality, scientists have analyzed and compared the fossil samples claimed to be “chips” or “printed circuit boards” and found that these are not modern materials; instead, they are fossils of a species that existed 400 million years ago, known as the Crinoid. And what was referred to as the “screw” is actually part of the Crinoid’s body. The footprint found on the trilobite fossil is merely a random formation of the fossil.
Crinoids, also known as sea lilies, are a type of marine organism that inhabits both shallow and deep waters, reaching depths of up to 9,000 meters.
Fossilized crinoid.
Crinoids are an ancient type of marine organism characterized by a flower-like body, covered by a relatively hard shell and many arms. They reproduce quickly and have a high survival rate, having once rapidly proliferated and dominated the oceans. This is why we can excavate many fossils related to crinoids. However, during the Triassic extinction event, most crinoid species were wiped out and gradually disappeared.
In modern times, there are still some living crinoid species, with approximately 600 species existing today. As an organism that emerged very early in biological evolutionary history, crinoids have been relatively well-studied, which is why most people do not pay much attention when excavating crinoid fossils; scientists already possess an abundance of their fossils.
Thus, claims of evidence for an advanced ancient civilization only exist within the limited understanding of those who do not fully comprehend the facts. For modern science, such claims cannot evoke any curiosity as scientists have long understood what these discoveries truly are.
