This symptom may simply indicate a digestive disorder, but it could also signal the presence of a gastric ulcer or even cancer.
Almost everyone has experienced a sensation of food sitting heavy in the stomach after eating, often accompanied by bloating, a feeling of fullness, and dull, uncomfortable pain. This is known as dyspepsia.
Under normal circumstances, the stomach secretes acid to aid in food digestion. When acid is produced without food to digest, it can accumulate and irritate the stomach lining, leading to discomfort. It’s important to note that the stomach lining can be irritated not only by the acid it produces but also by certain medications, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen—commonly used for pain relief in conditions like arthritis and rheumatism. More seriously, if the stomach is infected with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori, it is at a high risk of inflammation and ulceration.
Statistics show that dyspepsia is more common in men than in women, with both genders frequently experiencing it after the age of 40. Other risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, a history of digestive ulcers, and prolonged or high-dose use of NSAIDs.
Dyspepsia can be caused by digestive ulcers; however, it is possible to have a digestive ulcer without any symptoms. Thus, it can be challenging to distinguish between dyspepsia in individuals without ulcers and dyspepsia caused by ulcers. Sometimes, stomach cancer can also present with symptoms similar to those of ulcers. Therefore, it is essential not to be complacent and to consult a doctor if you experience the symptoms mentioned above.
Most patients with dyspepsia experience intermittent symptoms, particularly after consuming large amounts of alcohol or fatty foods. If the symptoms are mild and tend to resolve on their own, there is usually no cause for concern. However, if symptoms persist, it is advisable to see a doctor if you notice any of the following warning signs:
- Burning pain in the upper abdomen, right below the breastbone; pain that radiates to the back. Eating may exacerbate or relieve the pain, which is not severe but causes discomfort.
- Loss of appetite.
- Prolonged vomiting, especially if it includes blood or material resembling coffee grounds.
- Black, tarry stools.
- Significant weight loss over a short period.
If you experience any of the above “alarm” symptoms, it is crucial to see a doctor as soon as possible to identify the underlying cause of the illness; timely intervention may be necessary in emergency situations.
