In 1948, G. Gamov proposed the Big Bang theory, suggesting that the universe was formed following a series of explosions, with the first and largest explosion marked at t=0 seconds. However, this moment holds no significance as there was no concept of time before it. At t = 10^-43 seconds, matter began to form, consisting of both matter and antimatter. These types of “matter” annihilate each other in pairs, resulting in the generation of photons. For some reason, particles referred to as matter gained an advantage and subsequently created a universe filled with matter. Therefore, the most common particle is the electron, rather than the positron, and so on.
The universe continued to expand until t = 1 billion years, when the first galaxies emerged. Based on the Hubble constant, the age of the universe is estimated to be 15 billion years. The Big Bang theory is recognized because it aligns with experimental evidence and is built on established theoretical frameworks.
One event that confirmed this theory was the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, a remnant from the primordial era of the universe. These are undeniable successes of the Big Bang theory, but there are still limitations. The most evident limitation is that it does not allow us to surpass the Planck barrier, meaning we cannot describe the state of the universe before t = 10^-43 seconds. This compels humanity to consider a more comprehensive and grander theory. Until we can unify the four fundamental forces, human physics remains too obscure and seems to be dominated by metaphysical beliefs. Is standing before the Planck barrier akin to confronting a deity?
Currently, physicists are completing a theory known as string theory. This theory posits that two-dimensional strings vibrate within fundamental particles to create everything in existence. It can be understood as the harmony of these two-dimensional strings forming a multi-colored world with three spatial dimensions. So why not propose a theory suggesting that the three-dimensional universe we live in is merely a fundamental form, generating other forms of matter or even different multi-dimensional life forms? In this manner, one dimension could be the microcosm of another dimension and the macrocosm of yet another. If this is confirmed, then our scientific theories will always remain approximations. There will be no absolute truths, only continuous creative endeavors to seek and conquer new heights.
Returning to the above model, we can quite easily explain gravity and unify it with the other three forces. For example, in a four-dimensional space, a two- or three-dimensional universe is a basic form of the four-dimensional space, and the forces interacting between these universes at this macro scale may be gravity at a more micro scale. We can consider gravity as an external force acting on the universe.
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This raises the question, are there one-dimensional universes beneath these two-dimensional strings? If we consider the above, this seems inevitable. One could also say that space, having infinite dimensions, is essentially one-dimensional, thus creating a closed loop. Perhaps to reach the truth, humanity must first learn to work with infinity.
Within our physical bodies, we may contain numerous universes. This may hold true both literally and metaphorically. Exploring these universes, or even just the one we inhabit, is a journey that is still very far ahead. However, let us hold on to the belief that one day we will satisfactorily answer the great question of creation: “What dust has transformed into my being?”
It can be said that the zero spatial dimension is time. We must accept a finite time, with neither a starting point nor an ending point, yet infinite. Time is the process through which we describe the changes of matter. Perhaps time must transcend the confines of the universe and will not simply consist of three arrows of time. There is still much to discuss on this topic…
A quasar moving away endlessly in a finite and boundary-less universe at a speed close to the speed of light. Indeed, Einstein’s equations tell us that the shortest path from one point to another in the universe is not a straight line, but a curve. This curved space could create two models of the universe. The first is a parabolic rotating universe, while the second is a spherical universe. However, for the universe to become boundary-less, the spherical model is the most logical. Returning to the quasar, it moves within such curved space, meaning humans can only “not see” it when it ceases to exist; it cannot simply be that this quasar flies out of the universe. But let’s imagine something miraculous that brings quasars out of the “universal sphere” or causes them to move in a non-curved path; what would happen then? It is very likely that they would enter a space greater than three dimensions, a type of space that humans cannot conceive. In that structural space, the universe would merely be a piece of paper in our spatial world. Perhaps there were many such universes moving around or oscillating in place, and one of them is our own universe.
Ha Viet Thang
Email: [email protected]
