Arles is an ancient city that originated as a trading post established by the Greeks. During the reign of Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar (Rome, 46 BC), it became an important center of the Roman Empire. From the 4th century onwards, Arles played a significant role in religious matters and hosted many religious councils, the most notable of which was the council that condemned heresy against Christianity.
Arles was repeatedly invaded by the Visigoths and Saracens, and by 879, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Arles. In the 12th and 13th centuries, under the rule of the Counts of Provence, Arles enjoyed a significant degree of autonomy that lasted until 1251. During this period, Arles, like other cities in Provence, was under the control of the House of Aigon.
Arles is home to many valuable ancient monuments. The Saint Trophime Church, dating back to the 11th century, features stained glass from the 12th century in the Romanesque Provence style. The renowned cloister from the 12th to 14th centuries boasts intricately carved Romanesque capitals.
The church of Saint Anne houses a museum, along with a town hall from the 17th century designed by Mansa. Noteworthy sites also include the remnants of the ancient Roman city, a Roman theater from the 1st century (which has been destroyed), a Roman burial site, and one of the most famous Western cemeteries from the late Middle Ages. The 11th-century arena, built in a circular shape, features tiered seating and is surrounded by several impressive structures.
