The perspective on the use of stimulants in ancient times is almost the opposite of today’s views.
Throughout history, the use of drugs has been closely linked to religious, spiritual, and social activities. Ancient societies often utilized psychoactive substances to transcend the physical world and connect with the metaphysical realm. Such rituals were integral to their ceremonies and daily life, significantly differing from contemporary views on drug use.
The use of drugs has been closely linked to religious, spiritual, and social activities. (Illustrative image).
In Mesoamerica (the ancient central region of America), hallucinogenic substances played a crucial role. Indigenous peoples, such as the Maya and Aztec, consumed various plants and psychoactive substances like beans and mescaline mushrooms as early as 9000 BCE. These were not only used for religious rituals but also for therapeutic purposes, such as treating migraines and epilepsy. The Olmecs, ancestors of the Maya and Aztec, used entheogens in their ceremonies, which significantly influenced subsequent cultures.
Similarly, in the Old World, drug use was widespread and diverse. Ancient Chinese and Egyptian societies used substances like cannabis for medical and ritualistic purposes. The Sumerians, one of the earliest civilizations, used opium as far back as 5000 BCE, and it became a practice adopted by later generations, including the Egyptians and Greeks. Opium use was prevalent throughout the Mediterranean, evidenced by archaeological findings in Cyprus dating back to around 1100 BCE.
Alcoholic beverages also have a long history, with evidence of honey wine in China dating back to around 7000 BCE and berry wine around 6000 BCE. Ancient texts, such as the Rigveda and the literary works of Homer and Ovid, frequently mention the use of these substances, highlighting their indispensable role in daily life and rituals.
