Commonly encountered, caused by one of the many strains of fungus known as Candida. Candida is a type of fungus that exists in small amounts in the vagina, as well as in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract of both males and females.
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Candida Fungus (Image: hygiene) |
Fungal infections cause vaginal discharge to thicken, appearing white, sticky, and may also be slightly liquid but odorless. The vulva and vaginal mucosa are typically red and very itchy.
Why does fungus exist in the vagina and then proliferate to cause a yeast infection? This is due to an imbalance in a woman’s body, for instance, the use of antibiotics to treat a urinary tract infection can also eliminate the “friendly” bacteria that coexist peacefully with the fungus in the vagina.
As these bacteria are destroyed, the fungus has the opportunity to grow and cause inflammation. Other factors that can lead to an imbalance include pregnancy (due to hormonal changes), diabetes (causing sugar in urine and vagina), high estrogen oral contraceptives, immunosuppressive drugs, hormonal disorders or thyroid diseases, and corticosteroid treatments.
Treatment:
Nystatin 100,000 units, 2 vaginal capsules daily, for 14 days or Itraconazole (Sporanox) 100 mg taken 3 times a day or Fluconazole (Triflucan 50 mg capsule, Diflucan 150 mg capsule): 150 mg taken as a single dose.
Clotrimazole (Canesten, Fungistin, Gyne-lotrimin, Mycelex-G) is used to treat fungal infections in the vagina, mouth, and throat. The medication is available in forms: 100 or 500 mg tablets, 1% cream, and 10 mg suppositories.
Dosage:
For vaginal yeast infections: insert 500 mg into the vagina at bedtime just once or insert 100 mg into the vagina every night for 3 nights. Cream: apply 5 grams into the vagina every night at bedtime for 7-14 nights.
For oral and throat yeast infections: take 10 mg tablets 5 times a day for 14 days.
Should not be used: if there has been a history of allergy to the medication.
Side effects: Mild burning or itching. Nausea or vomiting if taken orally.
Note: If clotrimazole causes vaginal burning, discontinue use. Avoid sexual intercourse for 3-4 days to prevent transmission to partners.
Important information: for pregnant women, a single high dose is more effective.
Other medications that may be effective:
For fungal infections: nystatin, miconazole, gentian violet, or vinegar.
Dr. DAO XUAN DUNG
