Many experts believe that climate change is causing countries in Southeast Asia to face greater risks from sinkholes.
Professor Stephen Chua at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) stated that forecasts for future climate will involve hotter and more humid conditions. These extreme conditions place significant pressure on the underlying sediments. For instance, heavy rainfall can saturate the soil, which may lead to a reduction in the integrity of the ground beneath concrete structures. Structural weakening increases the risk of more sinkholes appearing on the surface, forming large sinkholes.
A sinkhole appeared in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) in August, causing a female tourist to go missing. (Photo: EPA).
Conversely, drought can lower groundwater levels, leading to soil weakening. A 2018 study in the United States showed that for every 0.1°C increase in global temperature, the frequency of sinkhole occurrences increases by 1-3%.
Meanwhile, lecturer Muhammad Nawaz at the National University of Singapore mentioned that sinkholes form naturally when acidic water seeps into the ground, dissolving soluble rocks such as limestone and creating voids underground. This poses significant risks for limestone-rich areas in countries like the Philippines, Thailand, and Malaysia. Mr. Chua warned to be vigilant in such locations, especially during periods of heavy rainfall or drought.
Geologist Goh Thian Lai at the National University of Malaysia advised being alert for long cracks, leaning columns, signs of ground displacement, uneven surfaces, or any other deformations. He also suggested avoiding the use of mobile phones while walking. However, he mentioned that phones can be useful for making emergency calls if someone falls into a sinkhole.
Ms. Zhang Tingjun at ZeroRisk International Consulting stated that in the event of falling into a sinkhole, victims should hold on to anything they can grasp on either side to try to reduce the impact of the fall or create an opportunity to escape the hole.
If this is not possible, it is crucial to brace oneself, protecting the head while falling. Then, take deep breaths and remain calm, trying to focus on a light source.
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