The climate types around the world are incredibly diverse, and hydrologists often name climates based on regional characteristics, such as desert climate, prairie climate, or rainforest climate. However, the Mediterranean climate uniquely derives its name from a specific geographical location. 
This indicates that the Mediterranean region is one of the most typical examples of a climate type.
In practice, regions such as California in North America, central Chile in South America, Cape Town in South Africa, and parts of western and southern Australia all share this Mediterranean climate. Those who are detail-oriented can identify similarities on a world map among these areas. Most of them are situated between latitudes 30° and 40° and are located on the western or southern coasts. During winter, these areas are dominated by westerly temperate winds from the sea, bringing moist air that results in significant rainfall. In contrast, summer is controlled by subtropical high pressure, with air from the land dispersing and making it difficult to form clouds and precipitation, leading to a dry and hot climate. The total annual rainfall is approximately 375 to 625 mm, with summer rains accounting for only about 10% of the annual total. Winter temperatures range from 5 to 10°C, while summer temperatures vary between 21 and 27°C. Therefore, the defining characteristics of the Mediterranean climate include hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, which contrasts with the continental monsoon climate featuring hot, humid summers with heavy rains and dry, cold winters.
The Mediterranean climate leads to rivers in these regions running dry in the summer and being full of water in the winter. The predominant vegetation consists of drought-resistant shrubs, with the olive tree being a typical example. This unique climate fosters excellent winter tourism along the coastal areas.
