In the four phases of sexual activity (arousal, plateau, orgasm, and resolution), the orgasm phase is the most dangerous and poses the highest risk of complications for individuals with hypertension.
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How can we ensure a good quality of life and minimize complications, especially for those with hypertension during the prime of their lives? It is challenging to establish a standardized protocol that suits every patient. This article will focus on the changes in blood pressure during sexual activity.
The arousal phase in males begins with penile erection; in females, it involves the secretion of mucus to lubricate the vagina, which expands in preparation for the subsequent process. At this moment, the heart rate and blood pressure of both partners begin to increase.
During the plateau phase, the glands in the genital organs of both genders secrete a significant amount of clear, white fluid. In males, this fluid may contain sperm and has the potential for fertilization. The movements involved in intercourse during this phase lead to an increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Typically, males experience higher blood pressure than females due to more strenuous activity. This phase is also a warning sign for individuals with hypertension.
In the orgasm phase, the sensation of climax can occur for both genders, but it tends to arrive sooner for the one taking the more active role. For males, orgasm coincides with ejaculation, while females experience a warm sensation spreading in the genital area along with vaginal contractions. In a single sexual encounter, males usually achieve orgasm once, whereas females may experience multiple orgasms. Medically, this phase is the most dangerous because of the sudden spike in blood pressure and heart rate. During this time, the risk of cerebrovascular accidents or myocardial infarction is heightened.
Approximately 5-10 minutes after the orgasm phase, both partners transition to the resolution phase. The heart rate gradually returns to normal, and blood pressure decreases accordingly.
In fact, sexual activity is not extremely strenuous; therefore, the incidence of complications is relatively low. However, to ensure safety and prevent adverse effects during sexual activity, patients should manage their blood pressure and receive appropriate treatment. While engaging in sexual activity, it is important for patients to avoid unfavorable positions and not get carried away by excessive arousal, which may lead to sudden exertion and a spike in blood pressure.
Additionally, it is essential to be aware of some common issues faced by patients with hypertension: Males undergoing treatment with medication may experience ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, or decreased libido. In females, vaginal lubrication may be reduced due to medication, leading to discomfort during intercourse and altered sensations during orgasm compared to before the onset of the condition. These are common side effects of most antihypertensive medications. When the medication is not taken, these symptoms typically resolve. However, individual responses to medication can vary, and in practice, more than half of patients still maintain a normal sexual life.
To ensure a good quality of life and safety for individuals with hypertension, it is essential to have empathy and support from partners. Over the long term, effective blood pressure management is crucial. The top priority should be a balanced diet; regular moderate exercise to improve endurance and physical fitness is also important. It is advisable to eliminate harmful habits such as drinking alcohol, consuming beer, and smoking; establish a suitable work and lifestyle routine, and manage stress…
It is important to note, that a low-sodium diet for individuals with hypertension does not mean complete salt restriction. Prolonged salt deficiency can lead to fatigue and decreased libido. Moreover, it is recommended to avoid protein sources from red meat and instead consume proteins from fish and shellfish; reduce sugar and animal fat intake while increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruits to ensure adequate vitamins, minerals, and fiber for the body. Regular health check-ups are essential for early detection of complications related to hypertension, as well as for appropriate treatment and preventive planning.
Dr. Nguyễn Minh Hồng
