Both conditions exhibit symptoms such as fever, headache, runny nose, and sore throat, yet their prognosis and treatment methods differ significantly.
Recently, the number of flu cases in Hanoi and northern Vietnam has been on the rise. Alongside this, various other illnesses are also emerging due to the erratic weather patterns, particularly colds caused by rain exposure or improper use of air conditioning.
Notably, the symptoms of Influenza A and a cold, as well as acute rhinitis, are quite similar, making it difficult to distinguish between them. This can lead to incorrect treatment approaches, increasing the risk of complications and prolonging recovery time.
Differences in Symptoms
According to Associate Professor Dr. Pham Thi Bich Dao from the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat at Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Influenza A and colds, along with acute rhinitis, have different prognoses and treatment methods.
Specifically, colds or acute rhinitis typically require only symptomatic treatment for issues like fever, headache, runny or blocked nose, and tend to resolve without complications unless there is a secondary infection.
Conversely, in cases of Influenza A infection, patients are at a higher risk of pneumonia and have a certain mortality rate.
Dr. Dao noted that research in the United States shows that up to 35.5 million people contract the flu each year, with 34,000 fatalities among them.
Therefore, the expert reiterates the importance of distinguishing between a cold, acute rhinitis, and Influenza A. The public can rely on the following factors to identify the symptoms:
Differences between Influenza A and colds, acute rhinitis. (Image: Provided by the doctor).
In addition to the aforementioned factors, another distinction of Influenza A compared to colds and acute rhinitis is that patients face the risk of complications such as ear infections, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, pneumonia, or cardiovascular issues.
Distinct Treatment Approaches
Regarding treatment, the two conditions mentioned have very different management approaches. Associate Professor Pham Thi Bich Dao states that for acute rhinitis or common colds, we primarily provide symptomatic support.
Specifically, patients can reduce fever and alleviate pain using paracetamol or ibuprofen at least every four hours.
Additionally, doctors may assist patients in relieving nasal congestion and runny nose with decongestants, anti-inflammatory medications, and antiseptics to dry the nasal mucosa. Coughing can also be managed if the patient exhibits significant coughing.
In contrast, for Influenza A, in cases where rapid tests are positive for the virus, patients should only use antibiotics if prescribed by a doctor.
Dr. Dao mentioned that mild symptoms of Influenza A could resolve on their own if the patient gets plenty of rest and stays hydrated.
On the other hand, for severe cases of Influenza A, doctors may prescribe antiviral medications such as Zanamivir (Relenza) or Oseltamivir (Tamiflu).
“These medications inhibit neuraminidase, reducing the ability of the flu virus to spread from one cell to another, thereby slowing the infection process,” the expert explained.
For treating Influenza A, an essential method is to ensure adequate hydration. It’s crucial to keep the body well-hydrated to help thin mucus in the respiratory tract, replenish fluids lost due to fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, and enhance the immune system.
Dr. Dao suggests that during the treatment of Influenza A, patients can use plain water, fruit juices, or electrolyte-replenishing drinks, while avoiding caffeinated beverages due to their diuretic effects, which can lead to increased dehydration.
In terms of nutrition, patients with Influenza A should consume liquid foods such as soups or porridge, which can help boost immunity. These foods may alleviate flu symptoms.
Patients with Influenza A also need to ensure adequate rest. This is an effective way to support the body in fighting infection and to help the immune system function optimally. Therefore, Dr. Dao recommends that patients aim for at least 8 hours of sleep each night when experiencing flu symptoms.
