While it started as a unique experiment on the driving abilities of mice, this research has contributed to a broader understanding of how environment and experience shape cognitive abilities in both rodents and humans.
In 2019, a remarkable study from Dr. Kelly Lambert’s neuroscience laboratory at the University of Richmond captured public interest. Instead of conventional experiments, this research allowed mice to drive tiny cars around the laboratory and hunt for food on their own. The primary goal of the study was not merely to impress, but to gain deeper insights into the learning capabilities of rodents and the potential connections to human cognition.
The initial motivation for the study was to explore how mice learn new skills in a distinct environment, clarifying their adaptability and ability to acquire complex skills. In an article for The Conversation, Dr. Lambert shared that although the mice cars do not exist in their natural habitat, they create an intriguing research opportunity for developing skills and learning abilities in rodents.
In the study, 11 mice were divided into two groups. Six lived in standard cages, while the remaining five were raised in a “enriched environment” with toys and activities simulating natural conditions. Results showed that mice from enriched environments not only learned to drive more quickly but also continued to engage with the car even when food rewards were no longer present. “These results suggest that the brain is a flexible organ that can be shaped by environmental experiences”, Lambert shared with IFLScience in 2019.
Lambert further noted: “I always remind my students that they are responsible for what happens to their brains every day. Rich experiences and lifestyles will help form a more complex neural network.” As an educator and neuroscientist, she recognizes the importance of living environments on the development and cognitive abilities of the brain not only in mice but also in humans.
Another interesting finding was that the mice in this experiment were very enthusiastic about driving; many would eagerly jump into the car, ready to “start the engine” before moving. Lambert explained: “The excitement of the mice while driving surprised us. This suggests that perhaps mice can also sense excitement and anticipation.”
Mice in this experiment were very excited about driving.
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Lambert noticed changes in the behavior of the mice when she returned to the laboratory. When she approached the cages, the trained mice seemed very eager and jumped up to greet her. This led to a new experiment aimed at exploring the impact of positive expectation on the neurological function of the mice. The new experiments focused on creating a sense of anticipation for rewards to see if the mice displayed changes in cognition.
The preliminary results were quite remarkable. When taught to wait for rewards, the mice not only exhibited a more optimistic attitude but also performed better in problem-solving and cognitive tasks. This aligns with previous studies showing that the anticipation of a pleasant event can stimulate an increase in dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in feelings of pleasure and motivation.
Like mice, humans also experience similar emotions when anticipating a pleasant event.
Through this research, Lambert aims to highlight the connection between positive waiting behavior in mice and how humans respond to exciting events in life. Just like the mice waiting for rewards, humans experience similar emotions when anticipating enjoyable events. She emphasizes: “Our brains are sensitive to the environment, and positive experiences can create a healthy brain, fostering better cognitive development.”
The research was published in the journal Behavioural Brain Research, offering new perspectives on behavior and brain structure.
