Many women experience itching during pregnancy. This condition usually resolves completely within a few weeks after giving birth. However, some diseases may recur in subsequent pregnancies.
 |
(Photo: Fargo) |
Itching during pregnancy can be caused by gestational pemphigoid, cholestasis of pregnancy, or pruritic urticarial papules. Additionally, during pregnancy, the skin becomes more sensitive, making it easier to experience itching from poor hygiene or exposure to irritants.
Treatment typically focuses on alleviating symptoms. Scratching provides immediate relief as a reflex to soothe temporary itching. Bathing with clean water daily is the most proactive approach. Acupuncture may help reduce itching somewhat, but it does not provide a complete cure.
Applying emollients such as almond oil can be somewhat effective. Using soap with a pH of 4.5 is also beneficial if there are no skin lesions. Phototherapy can be employed to inhibit histamine production and alleviate itching.
Regarding medication, doctors may prescribe H1 and H2 receptor antagonists (such as Polaramine and Atarax) to reduce histamine synthesis. Alternatively, medications to decrease cholestasis in pregnancy, sedatives, and anxiolytics may be used. These medications must be prescribed by a doctor.
Gestational Pemphigoid
This is an autoimmune skin condition that manifests as blisters during pregnancy. Pregnancy involves the implantation of the placenta into the mother’s body, with the presence of antigens from the placental basement membrane. These antigens accumulate in the skin, releasing chemical factors that cause blister-like rashes. Sometimes, the rash can spread to the mucous membranes of the mouth, vagina, and other areas of the body. This condition can recur in subsequent pregnancies.
Treatment involves corticosteroids and antihistamines.
Pruritic Urticarial Papules of Pregnancy
The incidence of this condition among pregnant women is 0.5-2%. Initially, the skin develops red patches with raised bumps (3-5 mm in diameter) on the abdomen, pubic area, and flanks, which resolve completely after delivery without affecting the face.
Treatment includes soothing agents, oral antihistamines, and corticosteroids.
Cholestasis of Pregnancy
The primary symptom is itching due to bile accumulation in the liver; the condition worsens as the due date approaches and resolves quickly in the postpartum period. About 70% of cases occur between 28-32 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women experience severe itching, insomnia, and the itching begins in the extremities before spreading to the entire body. There may be skin damage from scratching, and the skin and mucous membranes may appear slightly yellow. Patients may feel fatigued and experience nausea.
When experiencing these symptoms, pregnant women should seek medical attention and follow their doctor’s recommendations.
