Hiccups can occur at any age, from fetuses to adults, and are a common and somewhat annoying phenomenon. The reflex of hiccups arises from the central nervous system; when the vagus nerve is stimulated, it causes involuntary contractions of the diaphragm.
The epiglottis, also known as the flap of tissue at the back of the throat, contracts and covers the larynx and pharynx, preventing air from entering the trachea. The vocal cords then vibrate, resulting in the sound of the hiccup. Typically, stimulation of the vagus nerve is associated with a hearty meal, eating too quickly, or gulping down a large amount of liquid—especially hot water—which can cause stomach distension.
The role of psychological factors should not be underestimated (such as anger or excitement), as they can sometimes be decisive. Hiccups can last for several minutes or even hours, although this is less common.
Here are some tips to stop hiccups, but they are only effective for mild cases:
– Hold your breath: Take a deep breath so that your chest expands with the inhaled air, and do this through your mouth, not your nose. Repeat this action several times. The increased pressure in the chest helps to stop the hiccup. Drink a glass of cool water in one go.
– Only apply the above tips to children who can understand instructions and follow them correctly. If a child seems confused, an adult should be there to distract them until the hiccups pass.
– After the hiccups have stopped, avoid drinking hot liquids or carbonated drinks.
– Breastfeeding infants who experience hiccups often do so because they swallow too quickly or ingest air, so it is advisable to find a nipple that can regulate the flow of milk.
– If hiccups persist or recur frequently, consult a healthcare professional, as they may relate to an underlying physical cause: commonly a hiatal hernia, esophageal motility disorders, or an infection, thus requiring treatment based on the underlying cause.
