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| Scientist Robert H. Grubbs |
American scientists Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock, along with French scientist Yves Chauvin, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry today, October 5, for their discoveries that have significantly advanced the chemical industry in producing pharmaceuticals and advanced plastics that are more effective and generate less hazardous waste.
The trio received the prestigious Nobel Prize for their exploration of the method of metathesis in organic synthesis—rearranging the atomic groups in molecules, which the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences likened to a dance where partners swap places. Metathesis is widely used in the chemical industry, primarily for creating pharmaceuticals and advanced plastics.
The term “metathesis” means “to exchange.” In metathesis reactions, the double bonds between carbon atoms are broken and recreated by swapping atomic groups. The reactions occur with the help of special catalysts.
In 1971, Professor Yves Chauvin detailed the mechanisms of metathesis reactions and identified the types of metal compounds that act as catalysts in these processes. In 1990, Professor Richard Schrock was the first to create a catalyst for metathesis—a highly effective metal compound. In 1992, Professor Robert Grubbs developed an even better catalyst, which is stable in air and has numerous applications.
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| Scientist Yves Chauvin | Scientist Richard R. Schrock |
Thanks to the contributions of these three scientists, improved methods for synthesizing organic compounds have emerged. These methods are more efficient (fewer reactions, require less material, and produce less waste), easier to use (stable in air, at normal temperature and pressure), and more environmentally friendly (non-harmful solvents, less toxic waste).
“This discovery represents a significant advancement for ‘green chemistry,’ reducing the risk of hazardous waste. The metathesis method exemplifies the importance of applying fundamental science for the benefit of humanity, society, and the environment,” remarked the Nobel Prize committee.
“I am truly overwhelmed, to the point of being speechless. I cannot believe this is happening, even though it is true,” Schrock emotionally stated upon learning of his Nobel Prize win.
Robert H. Grubbs, 63, is a chemistry professor at the California Institute of Technology; Richard R. Schrock is a chemistry professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Yves Chauvin, 74, is the honorary president of the research group at the Institute of Petroleum in Rueil-Malmaison, France.
The three scientists will receive the Nobel medal and certificate along with $1.3 million. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on October 7 in Oslo, Norway, while the economics prize will be revealed on October 10. The literature prize has yet to have a date announced, but it is expected to be next week.
T.VY
