Individuals suffering from diphtheria should prioritize consuming liquid, soft, and pureed foods, ensuring that all food is hygienic. Avoid foods of unclear origin and unprocessed foods…
Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This is a dangerous disease that can be fatal, especially in children if not treated promptly.
According to doctors at the Vietnam-Sweden Uong Bi Hospital, patients with diphtheria often experience fatigue, hoarseness, and sore throat, which can lead to loss of appetite. In some individuals, particularly children, difficulty in eating and drinking can result in malnutrition, airway obstruction, and even respiratory failure, potentially leading to death.
In addition to treating the disease to eliminate the pathogen, prevent complications, and avoid recurrence, the nutritional regimen for diphtheria patients is also crucial.
Patients with diphtheria need to ensure adequate energy intake, energy-producing nutrients, vitamins, and minerals according to their age. Continue breastfeeding if the child is still within the breastfeeding age, and do not wean them off at this time.
Individuals suffering from diphtheria should prioritize consuming liquid, soft, and pureed foods – (Illustrative image).
Adults should maintain their Body Mass Index (BMI) within the normal range of 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2.
Recommended Foods
- Carbohydrate sources: Rice, noodles, pho, bread, corn, potatoes, and products made from carbohydrates…
- Protein sources: Meat, fish, seafood, eggs, milk, legumes, and processed products. These should be prepared in a soft, tender form.
- Sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber: Leafy vegetables and fruits; fresh, seasonal vegetables and fruits should be chosen. Opt for leafy greens that are low in fiber, with soft strands that are easy to swallow.
- Fat sources: Oils, fats, and oil-rich nuts (peanuts, sesame…). It is advisable to consume vegetable oils, fish oils, and limit animal fats.
- Pasteurized milk and dairy products: It is recommended to use low-sugar and low-fat milk and yogurt. Patients with underlying health conditions should use specialized milk as guided by their doctor or nutritionist.
- Hydration: Do not drink too much water at once; instead, drink small sips frequently throughout the day to keep the throat moist. Warm water is preferred, while cold and iced water should be limited.
- Sodium: Avoid excessive salt intake. The daily salt intake should be maintained at around 5g/day (1g of salt is equivalent to a heaping teaspoon of yogurt, 1 teaspoon of fish sauce 5ml, 7ml of soy sauce, 1.5g of seasoning powder, and 2.2g of broth powder).
Choose foods that are safe and hygienic to prevent bacterial infections and contamination from other microorganisms.
Eating Guidelines
Diphtheria patients should avoid foods of unclear origin, unprocessed foods (such as salads, tomatoes, lettuce…) or insufficiently processed foods (like raw dishes, or lightly cooked).
In the initial phase, due to throat pain, diphtheria patients often have difficulty eating and swallowing, so it is advisable to divide meals into smaller portions throughout the day (5 – 6 meals/day).
Prioritize soft, liquid, and pureed foods. Foods like porridge, noodles, and pho are recommended. When making porridge, adding a spoonful of cooking oil can increase energy density. Incorporating milk into supplementary meals during porridge days can help meet energy needs.
Food should be consumed at moderate temperatures, avoiding extremely hot or cold items. Patients in the recovery phase can have rice accompanied by soft, tender dishes, while minimizing fibrous foods. Additionally, eat slowly, chew thoroughly, and establish regular meal times each day.
Moreover, diphtheria patients should get sufficient sleep of 6 – 8 hours daily. Take time to rest and relax. Avoid excessive stress and anxiety.
Engage in light to moderate physical activity (walking, cycling, yoga…) for at least 30 minutes each day. Patients should start with light intensity and gradually increase.
How to Properly Care for Children with Diphtheria?
According to Dr. Tran Ho Trung Tin from Children’s Hospital City, Ho Chi Minh City, when caring for children with diphtheria, it is essential to ensure complete rest and isolate them for 2 – 3 weeks. Rest is crucial, especially for those with cardiac complications.
Additionally, maintain oral hygiene, eye, ear, and nose care. Clean the skin and turn the patient to prevent bedsores. Properly disinfect the patient’s secretions.
Provide children with semi-solid food to prevent choking. Ensure they receive adequate energy intake.
Vaccination is the best preventive measure against diphtheria. Currently, diphtheria vaccines are typically formulated in combination with other vaccines, making it convenient for parents to take their children for immunization.
