Experts took up to 3 years to restore the original shape of this armor.
A sample of the Lorica Squamata, the only known armor of the Roman Legion, dating back approximately 1500 years, has been meticulously restored in Turkey. This remarkable military historical artifact was excavated in Satala, located in Gümüşhane, in 2020. The restoration project, led by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, showcases an extraordinary effort to preserve and understand Roman military heritage.
Satala, the Roman legion base used by the XVI Flavia Firma and XV Apollinaris in Cappadocia, is the site where the Lorica Squamata armor was excavated.
After its discovery, the armor was carefully excavated with the support of the Ankara Regional Laboratory and was transferred to the Erzurum Conservation and Restoration Laboratory in 2021.
At Atatürk University in Erzurum, the armor underwent extensive analyses, including X-rays and CT scans, to document its original state while still buried in the ground. These preliminary studies were crucial in formulating a comprehensive restoration strategy.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced that this piece belongs to the late Roman period and is the only Lorica Squamata specimen discovered. This type of armor, also known as “scale armor,” was primarily used by high-ranking Roman soldiers such as officers, musicians, and cavalrymen.
Special structure of Lorica Squamata armor.
Lorica Squamata is significantly different from the more famous Lorica Segmentata. While Lorica Segmentata consists of large, rigid plates, Lorica Squamata is made from small overlapping metal scales sewn onto fabric or leather. Each scale, typically made of bronze or iron, has small holes that allow them to be attached with wire or sewn into overlapping rows. This design strikes a balance between flexibility and protection, allowing the wearer greater freedom of movement. However, it also requires meticulous maintenance to avoid rust, damage, and is relatively heavier compared to other types of armor.
Front and back of the Lorica Squamata armor after the restoration process is complete.
Despite its heavy weight and the need for regular maintenance, the design of the armor is practical and long-lasting. Damaged scales can be replaced individually without needing to remove the entire piece, making it a sustainable option for Roman soldiers.
The armor was found nearly intact through X-ray examination. The restoration process included micro-CT imaging of three edge plates to determine the exact size and material properties. Each plate was carefully classified, preserved, and ultimately restored to its original shape. After more than three years of tireless work at the Erzurum Restoration and Conservation Laboratory, experts successfully reassembled the armor on a mannequin, nearly fully restoring its original form.
This achievement underscores the importance of archaeological preservation and the unwavering dedication of conservators in safeguarding the shared heritage of humanity.
