Experts took up to 3 years to restore the original shape of this armor.
A Lorica Squamata, the only known example of Roman legion armor, dating back approximately 1500 years, has been meticulously restored in Turkey. This remarkable military historical artifact was excavated in Satala, located in Gümüşhane, in 2020. The restoration project, led by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, demonstrates an extraordinary effort to preserve and understand Roman military heritage.
Satala, the Roman legion base used by the XVI Flavia Firma and XV Apollinaris, Cappadocia, is where the Lorica Squamata armor was excavated.
After its discovery, the armor was carefully excavated with the support of the Ankara Regional Laboratory and was transported to the Erzurum Regional Conservation and Restoration Laboratory in 2021.
At Atatürk University in Erzurum, the armor underwent extensive analysis, including X-rays and tomography, to document its original state while still embedded in the soil. These preliminary studies were crucial in developing a comprehensive restoration strategy.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced that this piece belongs to the late Roman period and is the only Lorica Squamata specimen discovered. This type of armor, also known as “scale armor,” was primarily used by high-ranking Roman soldiers such as officers, musicians, and cavalry.
Special structure of the Lorica Squamata armor.
Lorica Squamata significantly differs from the more famous Lorica Segmentata. While Lorica Segmentata consists of large, rigid plates, Lorica Squamata is made of small overlapping metal scales sewn onto fabric or leather. Each scale, typically made from bronze or iron, has small holes that allow for attachment with cords or sewing to form overlapping rows. This design creates a balance between flexibility and protection, allowing the wearer to move more freely. However, it also requires meticulous maintenance to prevent rust, damage, and is relatively heavier compared to other types of armor.
Front and back of the Lorica Squamata armor after the restoration process is complete.
Despite its weight and need for regular maintenance, the design of the armor is practical and durable. Damaged scales can be individually replaced without having to remove the entire piece, making it a sustainable option for Roman soldiers.
The armor was discovered almost intact through X-ray examination. The restoration process involved micro-CT imaging of three edge plates to determine the precise size and material characteristics. Each plate was carefully classified, preserved, and eventually restored to its original shape. After more than three years of tireless work at the Erzurum Conservation and Restoration Laboratory, experts successfully reassembled the armor on a mannequin, restoring nearly its complete original shape.
This achievement highlights the importance of archaeological preservation and the unwavering dedication of conservators in safeguarding the shared heritage of humanity.
