Hypothyroidism presents various symptoms depending on age groups, such as poor growth, fatigue, sensitivity to cold, facial swelling, and hoarseness.
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, slowing down the metabolic process.
Individuals at risk for this condition include postmenopausal women, those over 60 years old, individuals with a history of thyroid disease or a family history of thyroid disease, those who have undergone thyroid surgery, and women who have been pregnant or given birth in the last six months.
People with Turner syndrome (a genetic disorder affecting females), pernicious anemia, Sjögren’s syndrome (a disease causing dry eyes and mouth), type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune conditions are also more likely to experience thyroid hormone deficiency.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism depend on age groups.
Dr. CKI Vo Tran Nguyen Duy from the Endocrinology – Diabetes Department at Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City states that the symptoms of hypothyroidism vary by age group and the severity of the condition; it typically progresses slowly and may last for several years.
Adults: When metabolism slows down, individuals may notice more pronounced symptoms of hypothyroidism, including fatigue, sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, weight gain, facial swelling, and hoarseness. Muscle weakness, muscle pain, joint stiffness, slow heart rate, depression, and memory issues may also occur. In women, hypothyroidism can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, thinning hair, and dry hair.
Children and Adolescents: Symptoms of hypothyroidism in this age group are similar to those in adults, including slow growth leading to short stature, delayed dental development, late puberty, and cognitive impairments.
Infants: Infants are also at risk for hypothyroidism, but symptoms may not appear immediately. Over time, infants may exhibit symptoms such as poor appetite, slow growth, jaundice, constipation, decreased muscle tone, dry skin, hoarse crying, and umbilical hernia.
If left untreated, hypothyroidism in infants, even in mild cases, can lead to serious physical and developmental issues.
According to Dr. Duy, untreated hypothyroidism can lead to complications such as goiter, increased risk of heart disease and heart failure, and peripheral neuropathy. Low levels of thyroid hormones can interfere with ovulation, limiting fertility.
Untreated hypothyroidism in mothers can result in a higher risk of congenital disabilities for their children. Infants with hypothyroidism are at a greater risk for serious physical and mental issues.
Dr. Duy emphasizes that preventing hypothyroidism should be based on the underlying causes of the condition. Patients should increase their iodine intake through foods such as eggs, milk, meat, poultry, seafood, and seaweed.
Patients should visit an endocrinologist if they notice any abnormal signs. Following prescribed medications and incorporating a variety of health-promoting foods can help improve hypothyroidism symptoms and prevent the condition from worsening. Do not self-increase medication dosages without consulting a doctor, and do not attempt to aspirate a goiter on your own.
