The concept of a technological solution for environmental protection, addressing water treatment from surface water sources such as rivers, lakes, and ponds using simple, inexpensive tools and devices, has been proposed by Chief Engineer Tran Ngoc Du. This project demonstrates high feasibility.
The operational principle of the water filtration device is based on the intermittent needs for water usage of each household, tailored to the number of family members, making it very practical.
Originating from the idea of serving working-class citizens in rural areas, the device is lightweight and portable yet capable of performing all necessary steps in a water treatment process for domestic use. It is designed to adapt to the conditions and investment capabilities of impoverished households while fully satisfying the water quality and quantity needs of each user, including the aesthetic requirements of the technology based on the preferences of each family, community, or urban locality. This sets the foundation for establishing a large-capacity clean water treatment facility that can operate effectively within a day, which is the core idea behind this ultra-fast water treatment technology solution.
The process of ultra-fast water treatment can be summarized in the following stages: Source water from rivers, lakes, and ponds is introduced into the device (either manually or via direct pumping) to initiate the coagulation and sedimentation process, removing sludge, sand, mechanical impurities, organic pollutants, algae, and iron and magnesium salts (Fe3+, Mg2+) from the water, clarifying it within just 2-5 minutes using the PAA/05 preparation. Disinfectants permitted for use, such as chlorine (chloramine), potassium permanganate, or hydrogen peroxide, are then used to sanitize the filtered water. The sediment, once separated from the water, settles at the bottom of the treatment device. The clarified water becomes colorless and safe for use, followed by a fine filtration process conducted in the second compartment of the device.
The filtration process utilizes a combination of filter materials (VLL). Traditional VLL is combined with activated carbon and manganese dioxide (MnO2) catalyst particles. The total volume of materials accounts for approximately 10% of the filter tank’s capacity. Activated carbon is a well-known filtration material, highly effective in treating environmental pollution from industrial and domestic wastewater.
Clean water is drawn from the clean water valve after passing through the VLL, while the sediment is discharged through the sediment valve located at the bottom of the filter device. The source water, after undergoing sedimentation and sediment separation in the settling tank, is directed to the fine filtration compartment with the VLL via an intermediate valve. The PAA/05 ultra-fast water treatment preparation used in this project is a blend of a polymer (Polyacrylamide/CH2CHCONH2), with PAA/05 serving as a coagulant aid and a highly dissociated electrolyte capable of neutralizing the charges of soil colloids and contaminant ions (which typically consist of organic substances dissolved in the water).
With various easily exploitable and processable minerals readily available in our country, these characteristic minerals act as coagulants and rapid agglomerating agents. This creates a mechanism for ultra-fast coagulation and sedimentation, yielding high efficiency for different sources of polluted water.
With a dosage of no more than 30g of PAA/05 per cubic meter of source water, the cost remains low, at approximately 2,000 VND/m3, including the depreciation of the equipment. The coagulant aids and coagulants in the PAA/05 preparation are common water treatment products that are completely non-toxic. The preparation acts as an intermediary, connecting and integrating with the sediment, which will be removed within just 2-5 minutes along with the sediment at the bottom of the filter compartment.
Regarding the technology equipment, it is very easy to construct using materials such as stainless steel, galvanized iron, PVC plastic, and ceramics. The device is modeled in various sizes, with capacities of 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 liters, depending on the water needs of each household or community. Additionally, the PAA/05 preparation has broad applications for various sources of wastewater from domestic, industrial, medical, livestock, poultry, and aquaculture activities, such as shrimp and fish.
Dr. NGUYEN HONG MINH
