Underneath this sinkhole lies a system of flora and fauna that experts have rated as being of “global” significance.
A sinkhole is a natural phenomenon resulting from various interactions, typically occurring in areas with unique geological structures. A long-term process gradually erodes the ground beneath, leading to a sudden collapse that creates the sinkhole. These depressions can be round or irregular, with diameters and depths ranging from a few meters to hundreds of meters.
The deepest sinkhole in the world is Xiaozhai Tiankeng (Chongqing, China). (Photo: BBC).
Sinkholes pose dangers to both people and structures, which is why they draw attention and are known by various names. In English, besides the term “sinkhole,” they are also referred to as cenotes, shakeholes, swallets, swallow holes, and dolines (a term derived from Slavic languages).
However, it is precisely due to their unique topography that many sinkholes have become remarkable wonders of the world. Among them, Xiaozhai Tiankeng (Chongqing, China), with a depth of up to 662 meters, stands as a prime example.
Not only is it the deepest, this sinkhole is also the largest in the world, with a volume of up to 130 million cubic meters. Xiaozhai Tiankeng was discovered in 1994. Its name is derived from “Xiaozhai” (the nearby abandoned village) and “Tiankeng” (translated as “heavenly pit”).
This sinkhole is the largest in the world with a volume of up to 130 million m3.
Xiaozhai Tiankeng was formed by an underground river flowing within the Dipheng cave. Scientists believe the process of forming this sinkhole took up to 128,000 years. A limestone cave collapsed due to the influence of the underground river, resulting in the creation of this sinkhole. However, there has yet to be an official conclusion regarding the exact process of Xiaozhai Tiankeng’s formation.
There are two types of sinkholes in the world. The first type forms when rain and surface water gradually seep into the ground. Over time, the upper part collapses, creating a hole. Xiaozhai Tiankeng falls into the second type, which is influenced by water from below, rather than above.
Currently, Xiaozhai Tiankeng remains relatively unknown on the “tourist map of China.” To reach the sinkhole’s mouth from above, one must navigate approximately 2,800 damp, winding steps. Beneath the sinkhole lies a “spectacular ecosystem.” It is home to many undiscovered species of flora and fauna, most notably the presence of the clouded leopard—a rare yet fierce animal.
Scientists have recorded up to 1,285 plant species within this sinkhole. According to Coral Island Adventures, the space beneath the sinkhole resembles a “separate world.”
