Countries around the world typically have at least one capital city, which serves as the administrative center of the nation. However, some countries choose to have two capital cities, such as Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and the Czech Republic…
Have you ever wondered if there are countries in the world that possess more than two capitals? Here’s a hint: this is the country with the most capitals globally.
South Africa is the only country in the world with three official capitals.
The answer is none other than South Africa. Currently, this country has three capitals: Pretoria – the administrative capital, Cape Town – the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein – the judicial capital. This unique arrangement shares power among different regions.
Administrative Capital: Pretoria
Pretoria is home to the jacaranda trees that bloom brilliantly at the end of October.
According to Maps of World, Pretoria is the government hub, housing many government agencies and foreign embassies. It is also the largest cultural center in South Africa, covering an area of 1,644 km² with a population of approximately 2.35 million people.
The administrative capital, Pretoria, is named after Andries Pretorius – a highly respected Afrikaner who is also the founder of apartheid. As a result, since 2005, the capital Pretoria has been renamed Tshwane (meaning “We are equal”).
Legislative Capital: Cape Town
Cape Town is one of the most beautiful port cities in the world.
Cape Town is the location of the South African Parliament Building and many other important government agencies. It is also the second most populous city in South Africa.
The city of Cape Town is renowned for its stunning natural landscapes, beautiful harbors, and a major port along the Atlantic Ocean. It is home to the historically significant Table Mountain, which is considered one of the wonders of the world.
Judicial Capital: Bloemfontein
In Sotho, Bloemfontein is called “Mangaung”, meaning “the place of the cheetahs”.
Bloemfontein has the highest population density in the country. This city is considered the most livable in South Africa, boasting low crime rates and excellent living conditions.
The capital Bloemfontein is also known as “The Fountain” or “City of Roses” due to its unique architecture, vibrant rose gardens, and numerous modern industrial facilities.
Why Does South Africa Have Three Capitals?
South Africa’s three capitals relate to its colonial history during the Victorian era. Historically, South Africa was governed by indigenous peoples, followed by colonial rule by the Dutch and British. The residents were segregated, leading to the implementation of apartheid. This unequal treatment drew condemnation both domestically and internationally, resulting in economic, cultural, and sporting sanctions against South Africa.
In 1990, under the leadership of black leader Nelson Mandela, South Africa ended white rule and abolished apartheid. When the Republic of South Africa was formed, the question of the capital city sparked significant debate, ultimately leading to the establishment of three capitals.
This decision reflects the wisdom of the leadership. Before the formation of the Republic of South Africa, there were four traditional provinces, with Bloemfontein as the capital of Free State, Pretoria as the capital of Gauteng, and Cape Town as the capital of Natal and the Cape of Good Hope.
Since Bloemfontein is centrally located in South Africa, it is the most logical place for the judicial branch. Pretoria’s proximity to the largest city, Johannesburg, combined with convenient transportation and its long history as the location for foreign embassies and government agencies, makes it the most suitable for continuing its administrative functions. Cape Town, having hosted the parliament since colonial times, serves as the headquarters for the legislative branch.
