Complications of diabetes significantly affect health and can pose serious risks for patients. However, appropriate treatment methods combined with lifestyle adjustments can help prevent or delay these complications.
The Terrible Effects of Diabetes Complications
Eye Complications
High blood sugar levels can damage the microvascular system in the retina. Gradually, the vision of diabetes patients may deteriorate or worse, lead to blindness. Additionally, eye complications such as cataracts and glaucoma may also occur.
Cardiovascular Complications
Although cardiovascular complications such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and peripheral artery disease are difficult consequences of diabetes, there are preventive measures available for these complications.
Diabetes patients may have foot problems.
Foot Complications
Diabetes patients can experience various foot problems. Foot issues often occur when there are complications related to nerve damage. This can cause tingling, pain (burning or a prickling sensation), or weakness in the legs. It can also lead to a loss of sensation in the feet. Poor blood flow to the feet or deformities of the feet or toes can also cause foot problems.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can lead to diabetic coma (unconsciousness for an extended period) or even death. When the cells in the body do not receive the necessary glucose to produce energy, the body will begin to burn fat for energy, producing ketones. Ketones are chemicals that the body creates when it breaks down fat for energy. The body does this when it does not have enough insulin to use glucose.
Kidney Complications
High blood sugar damages the microvessels in the kidneys, leading to reduced filtering function and potentially kidney failure.
Infection Complications
High blood sugar creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth and weakens the body’s immune system, leading to infections in various areas of the body.
Preventing Complications
To prevent complications, diabetes patients need to pay attention to the following considerations:
1. Stabilize Blood Sugar
Patients should check their blood sugar daily, aiming to limit it within 80-110 mg. Regular exercise, consistent medication, follow-ups with the treating physician, and periodic blood sugar checks are recommended.
2. Follow a Strict Diet
Adhere to a strict dietary regimen, avoiding sugary foods, fatty foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks, and tobacco. It is advisable to consume plenty of green vegetables, fresh fruits, starches, and fibers.
Diabetes patients need to drink more than 2 liters of water/day to compensate for lost fluids.
3. Drink Plenty of Water
Diabetes patients often urinate frequently, leading to dehydration. Therefore, they should drink more than 2 liters of water daily to compensate for lost fluids.
4. Inspect Feet Daily
During bathing, inspect the entire surface of the skin to detect any early signs of foot injuries such as wounds, scratches, ulcers, calluses, corns, warts, ingrown toenails, or blisters.
Each evening before bed, patients should spend 15-20 minutes caring for their feet by massaging the toes and soles, promoting better blood circulation and reducing swelling and numbness. Choose shoes and sandals that are spacious and made from soft materials to avoid foot pain and ensure better blood flow.
Foods that Help Prevent Diabetes Complications
1. Whole Grains and Their Products
These foods help boost energy and control blood sugar levels. (Image: Pinterest).
Whole grains and their products are rich in fiber and complex carbohydrates, including brown rice, whole grain bread, and oats. These foods help boost energy and control blood sugar levels in diabetes patients. Additionally, they lower cholesterol levels and promote digestive health.
2. Sweet Potatoes
Sweet potatoes are nutritionally valuable foods. Their glycemic index is lower than that of rice, wheat, and other foods. Thus, they are considered safe for diabetes patients. Sweet potatoes are rich in vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, vitamin B6, and potassium, which are essential for human health.
3. Legumes
Legumes (including black beans and green beans) are high in quality protein, fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids. They also help regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, diabetes patients can meet their nutritional needs by consuming soybeans and other soy products.
4. Leafy Greens
Leafy greens such as lettuce, spinach, broccoli, and kale are rich in chlorophyll and other nutrients. The fiber and carotene found in these vegetables help control blood sugar levels, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers.
5. Citrus Fruits
Naringin in citrus fruits has been shown to lower blood sugar levels. (Image: Pinterest).
Citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits are high in vitamin C. Naringin in citrus fruits has been proven to lower blood sugar levels, and flavonoids can increase insulin secretion in the body, helping control diabetes.
6. Nuts
Nuts such as walnuts, almonds, and cashews are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber. These substances help control blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers.
7. Fish
Fish, such as salmon and catfish, are nutrient-rich foods. They contain omega-3 fatty acids, which can improve heart health and help control blood sugar levels. Additionally, fish is a source of high-quality protein.
8. Eggs
Eggs are a food with a balanced nutritional composition, rich in high-quality protein and riboflavin. Egg whites contain a lot of protein, while yolks provide a variety of nutrients. Of course, the specific amount of eggs consumed should be determined under the guidance of a nutritionist or physician.
