A family medicine cabinet should contain basic medications such as pain relievers, fever reducers, anti-diarrheal drugs, antihistamines, and antiseptics to safeguard health during the rainy season.
Pharmacist Ngo Thi Ngoc Trung from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City – Campus 3 advises that during natural disasters like heavy rain, storms, or flooding, having these essential medications readily available is crucial for preventing and treating common illnesses promptly.
Below are the essential medications to have, along with usage instructions and warnings.
Pain Reliever and Fever Reducer (Paracetamol)
Uses: Reduces pain and fever in cases of high fever, headaches, and muscle pain caused by weather changes.
Dosage:
- Adults: 500-1,000 mg every 4-6 hours, not exceeding 4 g per day.
- Children: Follow the dosage instructions on the packaging or consult a doctor.
Warnings:
- Avoid overdose, especially for those with a history of liver disease.
- Anti-diarrheal Medication (Diosmectite)
Uses:
Alleviates diarrhea symptoms, absorbs gas in the intestines, and restores the permeability of the gastrointestinal mucosa to normal.
- Adults: An average of 3 packets of 3 g per day for 7 days.
- Children over 2 years: 4 packets of 3 g per day for the first 3 days, then 2 packets of 3 g per day for 4 days.
Warnings:
Do not use in cases of diarrhea caused by infection or with blood in the stool; seek treatment with antibiotics if caused by bacteria.
Antihistamines (Loratadine or Cetirizine)
Uses: Reduces allergy symptoms such as itching, rashes, and hives due to humid environments and contaminated water.
- Loratadine: 10 mg per day.
- Cetirizine: 5-10 mg per day, depending on the level of allergy.
Warnings:
Do not use for children under 2 years without a doctor’s prescription.
Healthcare staff at the pharmacy of Military Hospital 175 in Go Vap District dispensing medication to patients in March 2024. (Photo: Quynh Tran).
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
Uses: Rehydrates and replenishes electrolytes for the body when losing fluids due to diarrhea, vomiting, or high fever.
How to use: Dissolve 1 packet of ORS in clean water (according to the dosage on the packaging), sipping small amounts after each episode of diarrhea or vomiting.
Warnings: Use the prepared solution within 24 hours, and prepare a new one if needed. Do not mix with mineral water as it will increase electrolyte levels.
Topical Antiseptic (Betadine, Povidone-Iodine)
- Uses: Disinfects skin wounds, cuts, and abrasions to prevent infections.
- How to use: Apply directly to the cleaned wound area.
- Warnings: Do not apply extensively or on large wounds without a doctor’s prescription.
Insect Repellent (DEET or Picaridin)
Uses: Prevents mosquito bites, particularly from mosquitoes that carry malaria, dengue fever, and other infectious diseases.
How to use: Apply evenly to the skin before going outside, avoiding the eyes and mouth.
Warnings: Avoid use for children under 2 months old. For young children, apply to an adult’s hands first, then spread it on the child’s skin.
Cough and Cold Medication (Chlorpheniramine, Acetylcysteine)
Uses: Reduces cough and cold symptoms such as runny nose and sore throat.
Dosage: Adults: Follow the dosage on the packaging / Children: Consult a doctor for appropriate dosing.
Warnings: Do not use for individuals with hypertension or cardiovascular diseases without consulting a doctor.
Important Notes When Using Medications
Medication Storage:
Store medications in a dry, cool place and avoid direct sunlight. Check expiration dates before use.
Consult a Doctor:
If any unusual signs or severe illness occur, contact healthcare authorities immediately for examination and timely treatment.
Enhance Personal Hygiene:
Maintain hygiene for hands, food, and drinking water to prevent digestive and bacterial infections.
