Pencil fractures (also known as finger jams) are common injuries that can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the finger.
A pencil fracture occurs due to an injury at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) of the finger, where it can bend. This joint is referred to as the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP).
A small ligament known as the collateral ligament supports the PIP joint. A pencil fracture happens when these ligaments are overstretched.
This injury can occur when the hand is subjected to a strong force, such as catching a ball while playing sports. Although a pencil fracture can be uncomfortable, it is not considered a serious injury. Home treatment can heal the finger without complications.
Symptoms
A pencil fracture will make it difficult to move the finger and cause pain. The duration of swelling will depend on the severity of the injury.
Other signs of a pencil fracture include:
- Pain, which is usually not severe.
- Stiffness.
- Weakness or difficulty holding onto objects.
- Redness and swelling.
Causes
Pencil fractures are a common sports injury, particularly in contact sports where the hand interacts strongly with a ball, such as basketball, baseball, and volleyball.
A pencil fracture occurs when the fingertip is forcefully jammed into the hand. This action can overstretch the finger ligaments.
This is a common sports injury.
Other causes include:
- The finger getting caught in a door or drawer.
- The finger getting injured on the steering wheel in a car accident.
- Bracing the hand during a fall.
Any action that puts stress on the PIP joint can result in a pencil fracture.
Pencil Fracture vs. Finger Fracture
A broken finger will cause pain and swelling lasting for hours or even days. In contrast, a pencil fracture may be painful but is typically not severe.
Doctors can often distinguish between a jammed finger and a broken finger visually.
In a broken finger, the bone may be displaced or protrude out, and there may be a cracking sound when moving the finger.
Doctors will also ask the patient to try moving their finger. A broken finger usually has some range of motion, while a pencil fracture will make it difficult to move the finger at all.
If the distinction between a broken finger and a pencil fracture is not clear visually, doctors may take X-rays to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Doctors typically treat pencil fractures using a splint: a splint keeps the finger straight and stable until the injured ligaments heal.
Another option is to use tape or buddy taping, which securely attaches the injured finger to an uninjured finger for support. This method helps stabilize the injured finger.
A useful home treatment for pencil fractures is known as PRICE.
- P is for Protection. Wearing a splint or buddy tape can help minimize further injury to the finger.
- R is for Rest. Resting and avoiding using the hand as much as possible will protect the finger.
- I is for Ice. Applying ice to the injured finger for about 10 to 15 minutes each time can help reduce inflammation and redness.
- C is for Compression. Using a splint or buddy tape can help reduce swelling and promote healing. However, it should be tight enough to support without compromising blood flow.
- E is for Elevation. Keeping the hand elevated on a pillow, where the elbow is lower than the hand, can help reduce swelling and pain.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, can also help alleviate pain and inflammation.
When to See a Doctor
If you injure your finger and notice it appears crooked, do not attempt to straighten it yourself. Instead, see a doctor for a proper examination and treatment. If the finger begins to feel numb and turns white or very pale, this indicates insufficient blood flow to the injured area, and medical attention is necessary.
You should seek medical attention immediately if:
- The finger is deformed or crooked.
- You develop a fever after the injury.
- The finger is significantly swollen.
- The swelling worsens over time.
- You cannot straighten the finger.
If symptoms continue to worsen, it is advisable to consult a specialist in orthopedics.
Outlook
If left untreated, a pencil fracture can lead to complications such as prolonged stiffness or difficulty straightening the finger. Once the joint has had time to heal, the doctor may recommend exercises to reduce stiffness, such as ball exercises or finger stretches in warm water.
With proper care, a pencil fracture will heal, and the finger will regain strength and flexibility similar to its condition before the injury.
