The armadillo, also known as tatu, is a mammal covered by a hard shell. Like the pangolin, hunting armadillos poses numerous dangers.
Armadillos, or tatu, are not only famous for their unique shape but also possess a rare ability in the animal kingdom: a tough armor-like shell. This characteristic not only helps them fend off predators but sometimes can even deflect bullets. So what contributes to the incredible strength of this shell?
Both armadillos and pangolins have a hard shell that protects their bodies. The scales of both species are made from keratin, a type of protein that also forms nails, claws, and horns in animals.
The Special Structure of Armadillo Scales
The scales of the armadillo are made of keratin, similar to the nails or horns of many other species, but reinforced with dense layers of calcium. These scales overlap and are connected by flexible tissue, creating a natural “armor” that is both tough and flexible.
The scale system is divided into sections that cover the entire body, except for the belly – the softest area. This design allows the armadillo to protect its body from attacks while also being able to curl up when threatened.
The hardness of the scales is a crucial factor that makes armadillos stand out. Studies have shown that impact forces on the scales are evenly distributed due to the flexible connective structure, helping to minimize damage. In some cases, as reported in the U.S., the scales of the armadillo can even deflect bullets.
The primary function of the scales in both armadillos and pangolins is to protect their bodies from external threats such as enemies and impacts. When in danger, both armadillos and pangolins can curl up to shield their soft bellies.
Bullet Resistance: A Random Case or a Natural Wonder?
While bullet deflection is not a common occurrence, there have been real recorded cases. In 2015, a man in Texas experienced a rare incident when he shot at an armadillo in his yard. The man fired three shots at the animal. However, the hard shell of the armadillo deflected at least one bullet, causing it to ricochet back and hit the man’s jaw.
As a result, the man had to be airlifted to the hospital for treatment, suffering serious injuries to his jaw. Doctors performed surgery and stabilized his jaw.
On the other hand, the armadillo appeared to be unharmed and managed to escape. “We did not find the animal,” Sheriff Rowe stated. This incident was not only surprising but also highlighted the unique protective capability of the armadillo’s shell – a rare natural defense mechanism.
The reasons why armadillo scales can deflect bullets lie in three main factors:
- First, the scales are reinforced with calcium, giving them a durability comparable to many hard materials, such as bone or even fiberglass. A bullet hitting the scales at the right angle may bounce back instead of penetrating.
- Second, the scales are not rigidly bonded but are surrounded by soft connective tissue. When a bullet strikes, the impact force is distributed and absorbed by the entire structure, reducing the likelihood of penetration.
- Finally, the curved shape of the scales acts as an inclined surface, causing bullets to tend to ricochet rather than penetrate straight in. This effect is similar to how a bullet can slide off when it contacts a curved steel surface.
The scales of tatu are often more angular, forming sturdy plates that cover the entire body. In contrast, the scales of pangolins are usually rounder and overlap like shingles – the scales of pangolins are often larger and thicker than those of armadillos.
This superior protective ability is no coincidence. Armadillos evolved in a challenging natural environment where they face numerous dangerous predators. The armored scales help them survive by minimizing the risk of injury from bites, scratches, or heavy impacts.
Moreover, the scales also help armadillos withstand harsh environmental factors. The scales are waterproof, allowing them to survive in moist soil or shallow water. Additionally, the layered structure prevents various parasites from attacking their bodies.
Tatu originates from the Americas, while pangolins are found in Asia and Africa. The difference in habitats also leads to variations in the shape and size of scales in these two species.
Despite their toughness, the scales are not “invulnerable.” Larger caliber bullets or those fired at the right angle can still penetrate the scales. Furthermore, the belly – the area not covered by scales – remains a weak spot that predators can target.
Additionally, the scales do not protect armadillos from non-physical threats, such as habitat loss or pollution. This makes these animals still face the risk of population decline, especially in urbanized areas.
The resilience of armadillo scales has inspired many fields of research. Scientists are looking to replicate this structure to develop ultra-durable materials for the military and construction industries.
For instance, the model of armadillo scales could be applied to design lightweight yet sturdy personal armor or develop protective coatings for equipment in harsh environments.
The scales of the armadillo are a vivid testament to the wonders of nature in adaptation and protection. Not only are they a survival tool for this species, but the armadillo’s scales also open up new opportunities in science and technology. The story of the armadillo’s bulletproof scales is not only impressive but also affirms that sometimes, the best solutions have long existed in nature.
