Individuals in the following groups are often at higher risk of myocardial infarction: those with a family history of ischemic heart disease; heavy smokers; individuals with dyslipidemia; those suffering from hypertension, diabetes, or obesity; those who engage in little physical activity; and those living in high-stress environments.
The most recognizable symptom of ischemic heart disease is angina pectoris, characterized by the following features: it typically occurs after physical exertion, heavy lifting, intense emotions, after a lavish meal, or in extremely cold weather; there may be a sensation of pain in the left side of the chest, in front of the heart, which can sometimes feel merely uncomfortable; or there may be a heavy, pressing sensation behind the sternum that radiates to the neck, jaw, left shoulder, and left arm.
The pain typically lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes, usually not exceeding 5 minutes. If the pain lasts longer than 15-20 minutes, one must consider the possibility of a myocardial infarction.
The frequency of the pain can vary: it may occur every few weeks or months, and in more severe cases, several times a day. Along with chest pain, patients may experience palpitations, anxiety, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and dizziness.
