The special design of the hull and bow helps ships move safely without capsizing on the water surface. What is this unique design?
In fact, according to experts, modern cruise ships and cargo vessels are technical masterpieces that combine maritime traditions with technological advancements. However, these ships would be nothing without two key factors: the principles of physics and simple design.
A ship floats on water because its weight is less than the weight of the water it displaces. The weight pulls the ship down into the water, but it is balanced by the buoyant force pushing the ship upward. Thus, if the buoyant force is greater than the weight, the ship will continue to be pushed upward until these two forces balance each other out.
Therefore, ship engineers must focus on two crucial aspects: the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy of the vessel.
The ship does not capsize on the ocean surface partly due to its special hull design. (Photo: Cruise).
First, the center of gravity
To keep the ship afloat, its center of gravity needs to be positioned much lower to help the weight pull the vessel downward. So, what does the weight actually refer to? It consists of the engine, stored fuel, and various other heavy machinery. These components are very heavy, bulky, and are always placed at the bottom of the ship. Meanwhile, other spaces like cabins and dining rooms are located in the middle.
Second, the center of buoyancy
Accordingly, the ship displaces an amount of water equivalent to its own volume, while the pressure from the sea pushes upwards on the hull. To counteract the downward force and because water cannot be compressed, these forces combine to create the buoyant force.
In fact, the buoyant force of the ship on the water will depend on its density. Therefore, if the ship is denser than water, it will sink. Conversely, if it is less dense than water, the ship will float. Experts state that the factor that enables the ship to float is the pressure force coming from the water surface.
Since it weighs the same as the amount of water it displaces, the ship does not sink completely. However, a crucial design element that ensures the ship remains stable is the U-shaped hull, also known as a displacement hull. This is also why the bottom of the ship is made from extremely lightweight and sturdy materials to enhance stability.
Additionally, the bow of the ship is designed to be rounded at the point of contact with the water surface. This design minimizes drag and prevents the ship from rocking. Passengers on board will feel less seasick due to the smooth movement of the vessel.
When faced with large waves and gusty winds, the ship may shake a little. However, large vessels can withstand waves higher than 15 meters. Therefore, passengers can be completely assured when choosing a ship as their means of transportation or for travel.
How do ships survive storms at sea?
Ships face many dangers at sea, including storms. (Photo: Odessa-journal)
According to experts, when faced with a storm at sea, the crew must try to navigate the ship to an area with the lowest waves and weakest winds. However, when it is impossible to evade the storm, the ship needs to maintain forward motion, instead of allowing the wind and waves to push it off course. The crew will keep the bow facing the waves to prevent the ship from capsizing due to waves hitting from either side.
Experts advise that to survive storms at sea, ships must avoid all objects that could cause collisions leading to sinking, such as reefs and coastlines. In fact, cargo ships prefer to stay offshore when facing a major storm. This is because extremely strong winds and waves can overturn vessels anchored close to shore.
However, to survive a storm at sea, ships need to be meticulously designed, combined with a crew that is well-trained and has extensive maritime experience.
