Beach sand and desert sand have unsuitable size, shape, and composition for construction materials due to their low strength and load-bearing capacity.
Sand can be categorized into three types based on grain size: coarse sand, medium sand, and fine sand. Determining the size of sand grains is crucial as it directly affects the quality of the substrate (in terms of elasticity, durability, and load-bearing capacity). The shape of the sand grains dictates the density, stability, and technical properties. Smooth, round sand grains are easier to mix than angular or elongated grains with rough surfaces.
Desert sand is not used in construction despite its abundant supply. (Image: iStock).
Beach sand and desert sand rarely meet the requirements for construction materials, especially in their untreated state. Desert sand grains are finer and smoother, resulting in insufficient multidirectional chemical bonding on their surfaces. If the sand grain size is too small, the mixed mortar will be slippery and weak.
When sand is dry, the bonds between the sand grains provide a considerable load-bearing capacity. However, when the sand is wet, these bonds weaken, and when overloaded, they can break, causing the layer of sand to collapse.
Beach sand is also round and very fine. The chlorine in beach sand causes corrosion of steel, reducing its load-bearing capacity and consequently shortening the lifespan of structures. Beach sand does not possess high compressive strength, making it unsuitable for construction activities. Additionally, the salt in beach sand tends to absorb moisture from the air, leading to dampness in structures.
