Evidence of Ancient Hallucinogenic Substances and a Mysterious Ritual Discovered in What Appears to Be a Maya Recreation Site.
According to Heritage Daily, a research team led by the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico has uncovered a collection of plants, including hallucinogenic substances, buried beneath an ancient Maya ball court dating back 2,000 years.
This discovery comes from excavations conducted between 2016 and 2022 at the Yaxnohcah site in Campeche, located about 14 kilometers north of the Guatemala border.
Ruins of an ancient Maya ball court – (Photo: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND HISTORY OF MEXICO).
By utilizing environmental DNA analysis techniques, the research team was able to identify the composition of the plant bundle.
Among the most notable findings was the Xtabentun (Bursera copallifera) – a small shrub native to Central America. Today, this aromatic resin-producing plant is utilized for incense, soap, and various cosmetic products.
However, in the ancient world where scientific knowledge was not widespread, this plant – which has hallucinogenic properties when used in moderate amounts – became a “mind-controlling” substance used in rituals.
It is also believed to possess medicinal properties.
Additionally, the plant bundle buried at the Maya ball court included fragrant wood, chili peppers, and other medicinal herbs.
Professor David Lentz from the University of Calgary (Canada), a member of the research team, stated that this collection of plants may have been buried during a ritual aimed at blessing the site as it was expanded or reused after a period of time.
“When they constructed a new building, they would seek the goodwill of the gods to protect those who lived within it. Some refer to this as a soul ritual, to receive blessings and appease the gods,” Professor Lentz explained.
There is already evidence suggesting that Maya ball courts were not merely recreational venues; for the Maya, this game also held ritual significance.
A relief depicting two ancient Maya playing ball – (Photo: CHICAGO ART INSTITUTE).
Moreover, hallucinogenic substances have also been found at other ceremonial sites, highlighting the importance of these plants – especially hallucinogens – in ancient Maya culture.
Their ability to utilize these substances for various purposes demonstrates how remarkably advanced this Central American civilization was 2,000 years ago.
The ancient Maya invented water filtration systems and implemented conscious forestry measures for conservation. However, they were powerless against prolonged droughts and were also believed to have deforested areas for agriculture.
Thus, aside from their scientific advancements, the peculiar rituals and complex spiritual life also enveloped Maya culture.
