Xiaozhai Tiankeng Sinkhole, also known as the Xiaozhai Sky Hole or the Heavenly Pit, is the deepest sinkhole in the world and the largest in the Shaanxi cluster, located in Fengjie County, Chongqing, China.
Imagine a hole so deep that it takes half a day or more to walk from the top to the bottom and back again. This is the real story of Xiaozhai Tiankeng, also known as the Heavenly Pit, the deepest sinkhole in the world. Situated in Fengjie County, China, this inspiring geological wonder reaches an incredible depth of 2,172 feet (662 meters).
Nestled deep within the primeval forest of Fengjie County, Chongqing, China, the Xiaozhai Tiankeng sinkhole is renowned as the “Sky Hole” for its majestic and mysterious beauty. With a depth of 662 meters and a diameter of 537 meters, Xiaozhai Tiankeng officially holds the title of the deepest and largest sinkhole in the world, attracting the attention of tourists and scientists from around the globe.
For centuries, Xiaozhai Tiankeng has remained hidden from the outside world. The local population may have known about it for a long time, but it wasn’t until a group of British explorers accidentally discovered it in 1994 that it gained international recognition. In fact, this sinkhole was formed over millions of years due to the continuous erosion of limestone by underground rivers, and it features nearly vertical slopes that can take your breath away.
Inside the sinkhole is a complex and vast underground cave system, rated at a world-class level. An underground river flows through the bottom of the sinkhole, creating a breathtaking natural landscape. The sheer cliffs surrounding the sinkhole leave visitors in awe. It is home to approximately 1,300 plant species, including many rare varieties. Over 300 animal species have also been identified here, including the rare clouded leopard.
Xiaozhai Tiankeng is more than just a giant hole in the ground. Its unique climate, characterized by its own weather patterns and lush vegetation, has nurtured a distinct ecosystem. Approximately 1,300 plant species, including ginkgo trees, along with rare animal species such as the clouded leopard and the giant Chinese salamander, have been discovered in the sinkhole. Due to its remote location, many of the flora and fauna found in the sinkhole have yet to be documented elsewhere, potentially representing new scientific discoveries.
According to geologists, Xiaozhai Tiankeng was formed approximately 128,000 years ago due to the collapse of a massive limestone cave. Groundwater flowing over thousands of years eroded and weakened the cave’s structure, leading to its collapse and the creation of this enormous sinkhole. In fact, China is home to many sinkholes, collectively referred to as “tiankeng.” The term tiankeng means “sky hole” in Chinese and refers to a specific group of geological structures.
Conquering this giant requires serious planning and high physical fitness. The descent can take up to 4 hours, involving traversing steep and uneven terrain. The ascent back is no easier, and suitable safety equipment is crucial. However, there is a staircase with 2,800 steps to make the walk easier.
The sinkhole has a volume of up to 6.7 million cubic meters – a rare figure that has led experts to classify it as an “earthly wonder of world-class caliber.” To reach the bottom of Xiaozhai Tiankeng, visitors must conquer an 800-meter long trekking route with a steep incline. However, this challenge is entirely worth it as visitors can immerse themselves in the breathtaking natural scenery and experience the fresh, cool atmosphere. With its pristine beauty, grandeur, and unique ecosystem, Xiaozhai Tiankeng has become a popular tourist destination attracting visitors from all over the world. Tourists can participate in activities such as trekking, cave exploration, sightseeing, and learning about the rich ecosystem here.
The scale of Xiaozhai Tiankeng is also astonishing. The Empire State Building – this colossal skyscraper could fit snugly inside the sinkhole, with plenty of empty space! An underground river still flows beneath the sinkhole, potentially contributing to its continuous formation. The unique environment within the sinkhole features its own weather system, with temperatures often cooler than the surrounding area.
Xiaozhai Tiankeng not only attracts tourists with its majestic natural beauty but also with its significant scientific value. It is an ideal destination for those who love exploring nature and learning about unique geological wonders.
Xiaozhai Tiankeng was recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage site in 2007. The protection and promotion of this heritage site is a shared responsibility of the community. Visitors are encouraged to adhere to safety regulations and be environmentally conscious, contributing to the preservation of the pristine beauty of Xiaozhai Tiankeng for future generations.
