Researchers have chemically analyzed a Bes-shaped vase from the 2nd century BCE and discovered that it once contained a compound that altered consciousness.
The Bes-shaped vase still shows traces of a hallucinogenic substance. (Photo: Tampa Museum of Art).
The research team, consisting of members from various institutes in Italy and the U.S., identified the primary ingredients in the hallucinogenic compound within the ancient vase, including two types of plants that produce chemicals similar to DMT or psilocybin, modern hallucinogens. Their analysis revealed traces of Peganum harmala, Nymphaea caerulea, and a species from the Cleome genus, all of which have sedative or medicinal properties, as reported by Popular Science on June 15.
According to the research team, the hallucinogenic compound in the Bes-shaped vase was used by members of an ancient cult operating in Egypt during the Ptolemaic dynasty. This dwarf deity is associated with the power to ward off evil spirits. Scientists analyzed organic residues collected from the vase in the Egyptian collection at the Tampa Museum of Art in Florida. Using a combination of advanced technological methods, they were astonished by their findings.
The key ingredient in the hallucinogenic compound is a plant scientifically known as Peganum harmala, also known as Syrian rue. The seeds of this plant produce harmine and harmaline, compounds that create dream-like imagery. Syrian rue is still used today, often combined with other plants to create a drink similar in effect to ayahuasca in South America.
The second potent hallucinogenic plant in the compound is the blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea). By compiling all the data, the research team concluded that ancient Egyptians used these substances for ritualistic purposes. Additionally, chemical analysis revealed that the compound in the vase also contained some human fluids such as blood and milk.
According to the scientists, by consuming the hallucinogenic compound, ancient Egyptians sought to open a gateway between dimensions to encounter the god Bes, the powerful deity they sought for protection.
