The Vortex Tube, also known as the Maxwell Demon Tube, is a unique mechanical device invented nearly a century ago.
It is truly fascinating to witness that when high-pressure air is pumped into this device, it produces hot air on one side and cold air on the other. The temperature difference can reach hundreds of degrees Celsius.
Specifically, the temperature of the cold air exiting can drop to -50 degrees Celsius, while the hot air can reach up to 200 degrees Celsius when supplied with an input air pressure of about 90 PSI. (Image: Manufacturer)
What is truly surprising is its extremely simple design. Since its invention in 1931, there has not been complete consensus among physicists regarding its fundamental principles. (Image: Manufacturer)
One explanation relates to its creation of swirling airflows inside. After the high-pressure air enters, a vortex is formed inside the tube. The swirling speed can reach millions of revolutions per minute. (Image: Physics Fun)
The cold air will flow in the center of the vortex, continuously rubbing against the outer air flow, which is also continuously rubbing against the walls of the tube. (Image: Physics Fun)
At the hot air exit end of the tube, there is a cone-shaped valve that rotates inward. This valve allows only hot air to escape while cold air is redirected back. The greater the pressure of the incoming air, the greater the temperature difference between the two ends. (Image: Physics Fun)
This device is characterized by its rapid cooling capabilities, making it commonly used for cooling in machinery processing. (Image: Manufacturer)
In some food processing facilities, it is used as a substitute for liquid nitrogen to quickly cool food. (Image: Physics Fun)
In some machine shops, since compressed air is always available, it is sometimes provided to workers as a personal cooling tool to combat heat. (Image: Tuan Minh)
Moreover, it does not have many applications because, although it cools quickly, its efficiency is not high. When in operation, it produces a loud noise, and its nickname, the “Demon Tube,” comes from the deafening sound it emits. (Image: Physics Fun)
